Revisiting Penal Substitution Kevin
نویسنده
چکیده
Revisiting Penal Substitution Kevin D. Kennedy Assistant Professor of Theology Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary 2001 W. Seminary Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76115 Jesus paid it all, all to Him I owe; Sin had left a crimson stain, He washed it white as snow. Evangelicals, in their preaching as well as their worship, have recognized that the cross of Christ is central to the life of the believer, as evidenced by the refrain from the popular hymn above. We, together with all Christians, find great significance in the cross of Christ. However, evangelicals almost unanimously interpret the cross in terms of what has come to be known as the penal substitution theory of the atonement. The basic understanding of this view of the atonement is that we are all under obligation to obey God. However, our disobedience to God has placed us under his condemnation. Since “the wages of sin is death” (Rom. 6:23), we have all earned death as a consequence of our sins. Therefore, we owe God the debt of our very own lives. When Jesus died on the cross for sinners, he was paying the debt that we owed God so that we would not have to pay with our own lives. In other words, Jesus substituted his life for ours so that we need not die eternal death in hell for our own sins. There is yet another important aspect of the penal substitution view in addition to the idea of substitution. This view of the atonement stresses the fact that our sin has kindled God’s wrath
منابع مشابه
Should equilibria require that players are uninformed? Arguing against the Trigger Strategy and Simple Optimal Penal Code in Repeated Matching Games
In repeated matching games trigger strategies and simple optimal penal codes are not equilibria unless strong informational assumptions are made. If only local information is used by the strategy and other weak information ows are allowed both strategies fail.
متن کاملParallel Search, Incentives and Problem Type: Revisiting the Competition and Innovation Link
متن کامل
Revisiting chaos in stimulus-driven spiking networks: signal encoding and discrimination
Guillaume Lajoie, 2 Kevin K. Lin, Jean-Philippe Thivierge, and Eric Shea-Brown 6 University of Washington Institute for Neuroengineering Formerly at Max Plank Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Dept. of Nonlinear Dynamics University of Arizona, School of Mathematics University of Ottawa, School of Psychology University of Washington, Dept. of Applied Mathematics University of Washing...
متن کاملThe Robustness of Incomplete Penal Codes in Repeated Interactions
We study the robustness of equilibria with regards to small payoff perturbations of the dynamic game. We find that complete penal codes, that specify player’s strategies after every history, can have at best limited robustness and may even fail to exist for some games. We define incomplete penal codes as partial descriptions of equilibrium strategies. We construct incomplete penal codes that ar...
متن کاملImplementing the Affordable Care Act: Revisiting the ACA's Essential Health Benefits Requirements.
The Affordable Care Act broadens and strengthens the health insurance benefits available to consumers by requiring insurers to provide coverage of a minimum set of medical services known as "essential health benefits." Federal officials implemented this reform using transitional policies that left many important decisions to the states, while pledging to reassess that approach in time for the 2...
متن کامل